Personal pronouns, Interrogative Phrase, Expressing the place of an object, Relational nouns - Japanese Grammar Lessons for Beginners Free Online

Personal pronouns:

わたし Watashi – I (feminine) / ぼくBoku – I (masculine) 
あなた Anata – You (feminine) / きみ Kimi – You ( masculine)    
かれ  Kare – He かのじょ Kanojo – She      
わたしたち Watashi tachi - We
あなたたち Anata tachi - You
かれたち / Kare tachi – They (masculine)
かのじょはたち Kanojo wa tachi – They (feminine)



The interrogative なに /Nani (with its variant なん/ Nan) = What?

Ex:
これは なん ですか   
   Kore wa nan desuka?
What is this?
それは なん の ほん ですか
Sore wa nan no hon desuka?
What book is that? (What’s that book about?)

 Expressing the place of an object:
Locating an object, a being: に / Ni Noun が / Ga - あります / arimasu (objects)
- います / imasu (beings)

ここ に がっこう が あります
Koko ni gakko ga arimasu.
There’s a school here.
あそこ に ひと  が  います
Asoko ni hito ga imasu.
There’s a man over there.

Relational nouns:
- Indicate spatial relations


- prepositions or prepositional phrases
- they often appear in phrases indicating the spatial localization に/ Ni

中 Naka – in そば Soba – next to, near
上 Ue – on むこうMuko – in front of, opposite
下 Shita – under

Examples:
つくえの 下 に めがね が あります 
Tsukue no shita ni megane ga arimasu.
The glasses are under the table.
テレビは へや の 中 に あります
Terebi wa heya no naka ni arimasu.
The TV is in the room. 
ゆびんきょく は えき の そばに あります
Yubinkyoku wa eki no soba ni arimasu.
The post office is next to the station. 
てがみは ラジオ の 上 にあります
Tegami wa rajio no ue ni arimasu.
The letter is on the radio.

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